Lauri Elliott

This is a part of the ongoing series I write on ICT across sectors for ITWEB/Brainstorm Magazine South Africa.  This article is on manufacturing.  It was a collaborative piece with Hilton Tarrant who focused on South Africa while I focused on the African continent and global trends.  Enjoy!

Originally posted online at Brainstorm Magazine.

ICT is a key enabler for the manufacturing sector. It’s transforming the global manufacturing arena while opening opportunities in the African market.

Africa lags behind its global counterparts in industrial and manufacturing development. Even when comparing the percentage manufacturing contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP) in African countries to other developing countries, manufacturing contributes about ten percent in African countries and 21 percent in other developing countries.

In Africa, but outside South Africa, there are pockets of manufacturing success stories. The Ethiopian leather industry has made a name for itself in global niche markets. Robert Parker, group VP of research for IDC Manufacturing Insights, says the one significant manufacturing segment in Africa is the remanufacturing of computer and electronics.

However, the picture is getting brighter. Globalisation, innovation and ICT are transforming many sectors to anywhere, anytime platforms. In the manufacturing sector, the mantra is “design anywhere, make anywhere, sell anywhere,” says Parker.

One shift is product manufacturing, separated into tasks and spread across manufacturing facilities. This is seen as a huge opportunity for new, smaller manufacturing entrants in low income countries, including Africa, according to the Industrial Development Report 2009 by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

Parker speaks of a similar shift from mass to micro to pod manufacturing. Historically, manufacturers built one facility to serve the world. With pod manufacturing, manufacturers can download designs and methods from anywhere to localised manufacturing equipment to serve the local economy.

Pod manufacturing has reduced cost tremendously and increased flexibility. For example, there is equipment to manufacture wine, starting at $3 500.

Parker also says that local African manufacturers will be able to “bring more diversified and custom products to their local consumers”. For example, Digiskin allows customers to go online to design skins to cover gadgets, including cellphones.  A company can purchase a production machine to provide some of these skins locally to customers.

For a long-term opportunity, Parker says that African governments need to leverage access to their abundant resources and require firms to develop manufacturing and processing facilities locally alongside extraction operations. In some instances, deposits in Africa may account for 80 to 90 percent of global deposits of certain precious minerals or metals. They need to play the leverage game like China. China recently limited the export of rare metals to boost the price. African governments can use the same principle in a different way.

In every aspect, ICT is embedded in the manufacturing value chain from infrastructure to intelligent manufacturing. Without sufficient broadband infrastructure, approaches like pod manufacturing might not be possible.

Parker also sees another opportunity with the pervasive wireless infrastructure in Africa, allowing African firms to tap into and manage the full manufacturing value chain almost anywhere with technology like remote sensing and radio-frequency identification (RFID).

While there may only be pockets of manufacturing on the continent, the global manufacturing shift opens new, even immediate, opportunities for ICT firms looking for new pastures, e.g. industrial clusters in Uganda and Tanzania, as they develop. It will be important for ICT firms to continually scan the environment to take advantage of these emerging opportunities.

Manufacturing convergence

Further south, leveraging information, communication, control and power is helping South African manufacturers innovate and compete.  Manufacturers have two options during the global economic downturn: cut back and try to weather the storm, or take the opportunity to be more innovative and aggressive. However, because South African factories struggle to manufacture products at the same cost as is possible elsewhere in the world, and due to a strong currency, local manufacturing concerns face these two options all the time.

Rockwell Automation believes that even though convergence has become a cliché over the past decade, “today the combination of technology maturity and economic necessity has made manufacturing convergence a manufacturing reality”. Manufacturing convergence sees the merging of functions and systems that have been separate. The theory is that with people, processes and technology working together, manufacturers can perform better.

Convergence within manufacturing leverages information, communication, control and power.  It’s no use simply having systems and machines recording data. Information must be in a manageable form: the new goal is presenting information in context.

Sources of information can be “streamlined to allow configuration, visualisation, maintenance and optimisation of manufacturing processes and plant assets,” Rockwell says.

Immense value is created when IT and manufacturing departments are able to share information seamlessly and securely, while running multiple applications over the same network. An enterprise manufacturing approach that is particularly suited to larger distributed companies envisions the enterprise as a “virtual manufacturing network”.

EOH, during an implementation at Coca-Cola’s greenfields Bloemfontein plant, was able to capitalise on available technologies while the rest of the group used mostly manual or semi-automatic systems. In time, improvements to its other factories will mean that they can join the network across the Coca-Cola SABCO enterprise.

The trend nowadays sees standard, unmodified Ethernet being adopted broadly across the plant and enterprise for data collection and real-time control. Add to this newer functionality such as voice, video and mobility, which are beginning to appear in the plant environment.

However, despite these advances, manufacturing convergence is a complex environment and cannot be delivered by a single supplier. Locally, system integrators like Bytes and EOH implement solutions from companies as varied as Cisco, Microsoft, SAP, Wonderware and Dassault Systems.

Beyond this, original equipment manufacturers are embracing new so-called “smart” service business models enabled through embedded software, wireless connectivity and online services.  This shift has significant implications for manufacturers.

Lifecycles of products are becoming ever shorter as releases will begin to ship in “real-time” with software devices delivered to products over networks when needed. Oracle’s manufacturing VP, Manish Modi, reckons it’s hard to accurately predict what manufacturing operations will look like five years from now, but “factors we experience today are likely to have a residual effect on the supply chains of tomorrow.”

Modi says that many of the top manufacturers will have leading “service-oriented architecture suites in place to enable supply chain evolution as well as needed flexibility to quickly respond to changing markets and inevitable shifts in buying patterns”.

He also suggests that most manufacturing systems will support Web or Enterprise 2.0. “The future adoption of tools like wikis, blogs and mash-ups to create store, and collaborate on information by skilled manufacturing users should not come as a surprise. Touch screens and sophisticated wireless devices should be a common part of leading factory floors.”

But, the biggest problem in converged manufacturing is not the availability or implementation of technology: it’s changing the mindset of the people themselves.

We had a quite a discussion with Cedric Muhammad, author of “The Entrepreneurial Secret to Starting a Business without a Bank Loan, Collateral or Revenue.”  The context for the discussion was the extreme environment in which we do business today globally.  I described the environment as openly hostile, meaning opposing or resisting our efforts to do business.  But, we concluded that entrepreneurs have the ability to tame this environment for success.

Cedric has an extensive background as an economist and entrepreneur.   He even formulated a business leadership model called “Hip-Hopreneur.”  A Hip-Hopreneur is an individual steeped in the hip-hop culture who is ready to become a power broker, business owner and political leader.  A Hip-Hopreneur is someone who appreciates the hip-hop art form and culture, as well as the responsibility of leadership and power to influence people around the world.  These are truly characteristics of successful entrepreneurs in any sector.  Entrepreneurs transform lives, communities and societies.

Cedric highlighted four key challenges faced by entrepreneurs at any time – capital, culture, communication and competition.  Each of the challenges when approached successfully enable entrepreneurs to navigate past a hostile business environment.

Looking at capital, we need to focus differently.  First, Cedric said entrepreneurs must view themselves and their ideas as the greatest source of capital.  Second, seek funding from your own social networks, e.g., college friends, family, church members.  Cedric emphasized that entrepreneurs often overlook the best source for accessible capital.

 Another point is that entrepreneurs go looking for funding before their concept is developed or proven.  Banks, venture capitalists and angel investors look for “bankable” businesses.  They want to make money, too!  When entrepreneurs start, they need to recognize the funding stages aligned with the business lifecycle.  Typically, when an entrepreneur first starts, he or she is at the pre-seed stage.  This is where your social networks can really help you out. 

Navigating culture and the competitive environment successfully is essential.  If you can tap into the culture that will support your business either as consumers, suppliers, etc., you will be amazed at the momentum you gain.

 In the competitive landscape, you need to be prepared for the shifts competitors may bring, such as disruptive technology.  The recent shift in Facebook’s prominence over MySpace is an example.  As Cedric put it, “it’s obvious MySpace didn’t see Facebook coming.”  But the story behind the story, which attests to the brilliance and adaptability of the entrepreneur, is that MySpace changed its business model to focus on its strength – communities around music and entertainment.

We also looked at how the current hostile environment evolved. A key crux was lenders providing funds not based on merit of your business venture or your personal credibility, but knowing they could re-sell the loans for a profit.  We moved from the foundation of exchanging value in our trade systems to exchange money without value behind it.  While the crisis occurred, it is moving people back into alignment so that our trade systems will work.  It’s a bit painful now, but necessary.

There are many other points made in the conversation that you don’t want to miss. Take time to listen to the recorded show.

Also, spend some time getting to know what Cedric Muhammad is sharing.  He brings insights to help you with your business.  Check out his three-volume book, “The Entrepreneurial Secret.”  You can also catch him on www.blackelectorate.com, www.blackcoffeechannel.com and www.cedricmuhammad.com.

Continue the dialogue about “The Art of Making Business Happen” at our online community – http://artofbiz.ning.com.  And listen to our weekly broadcasts at http://www.blogtalkradio.com/art-of-biz.

Signing off for now – peace and prosperity to you!

Exporting is the commercial activity of selling and shipping good and/or services to a foreign country.  It is typically seen as a growth and expansion strategy for an established firm.  However, even start-up firms can find foreign markets more attractive than home markets. No matter the rationale for exporting, the approach is to enter the market cost efficiently and reach a break-even point as soon as possible. 

An export-ready business has considered the following: (1) company/product/service strengths, (2) rationale and objectives for exporting, 3() growth potential in other markets for products and services, (4) context of foreign country and the industry in the foreign country, (5) legal and regulatory requirements, (6) target market in foreign country, (7) financial requirements and (8) market entry issues.  We zoom in on market entry strategies in our discussion, “Preparing for Exporting – Getting to the Customer,” on AfribizTalk on October 21, 2009.

We were joined by two experts – Dr. Patrick Wilson and Dr. Emeka Nwankwo.  Dr. Patrick Wilson, Administrator of Big-Africa Partnerships Secretariat (BAPS), shared how the technical issue of labeling impacts the marketing of an African good exported to the United States.  Dr. Emeka Nwankwo, CEO of Vertical Optimization LLC, shared the process they use in Export-Path , which illustrates both the issues exporters should address and an approach for success.

Dr.  Pat indicated labeling should be informative, truth and not misleading.  Also, anything you put on labeling you must be able to prove.  Therefore, you should follow the mantra, “Do what you say and document what you do.”

Dr. Pat stressed the importance of having a good relationship with the distributor and buyer of your product in the foreign market.  Since in many cases you will not be local, the distributor and buyer will handle the presentation and placement of your product to your potential customers.  You want to work with those who will place your business opportunity as a priority.

Dr. Pat’s point leads into the larger discussion of export readiness.  There is a distinct difference between being export “willing” and export “ready.”  You may want to export, but have you developed the strategies and capacity to do so?

Dr. Nwankwo said there are three key challenges faced by exporters.  First, exporters need to access appropriate information to help shape their decision about exporting. We agreed that this is a key gap in how many businesses approach exporting.  Two, exporters need to have appropriate resources, e.g., human capital, equipment, and financial capacity.  Three, exporters need access to the marketplace, meaning the physical process of getting the products or services to the customer.  This includes elements like customs clearance, transport, warehousing, distribution and marketing.

We finally zoomed in on the challenge of access to information.  This is a challenge consistently mentioned by experts and clients alike.  Dr. Nwankwo says information, or the lack thereof, impacts a decision to pursue or not pursue exporting.  The first consideration is the exporting business concept.  This “straw-man” serves as input to the information gathering process.  It could be an existing business plan along with basic information about the idea for exporting, e.g., rationale and objectives, potential export country, target audience, timing, issues.

According to Dr. Nwankwo, the Export-Path process walks potential exporters through four key steps.  These steps include considering the concept, gathering intelligence on the opportunity, developing the product prototype and completing a risk analysis. After gathering the intelligence, potential exporters will be able to decide to pursue exporting or not. After completing the risk analysis, an export plan is generated.  The export plan is key to acquiring finance, if needed, for developing production capacity.

Since appropriate information is critical, we recommend that you first seek out and review existing information that is readily available and free.  Our Afribiz Info Portal will help you do just that.  In addition, we provide an on-demand seminar outlines a path for plunging into business in Africa.  It can also be applied to other ventures into international business.  The seminar, “Setting a Path for Success in Africa: in Business, Investment and Life,” is also available at the Afribiz website.

Listen or download the recorded radio show here.

Check out other AfribizTalk shows here.

I write a monthly article for Afribiz to help businesses focus on how to strategically and practically get business done in Africa.  This month pose questions for determining which countries might be most conducive to starting new ventures in Africa.

Originally posted at http://www.afribiz.info/?p=1092.

There is no lack of opportunity in Africa. But the road to converting those opportunities to business success is often paved with obstacles. The question becomes not what opportunities exist in Africa, but how to make them work. If we look at opportunities only, we might focus on countries with large populations like Nigeria and Ethiopia.  In doing so, sometimes the best place to successfully start a business in Africa is overlooked.  For instance, in some sectors it might be easier and more impactful to start in Namibia than South Africa even though it has a smaller market.

Identifying an environment that promotes the development of your business can be considered a key strategic decision.  It is more important to establish a successful business model, which can be replicated and expanded when you start a venture in Africa.  While economic opportunities abound everywhere, you need to determine which environments will leverage your strengths to take advantage of those economic opportunities. Consider the following questions, quick facts and resources to inform your decision.

1. Which African countries demonstrate the best overall governance?  Good governance is a boon for business and economic growth through the constraint of corruption.  According to the Ibrahim Index of Good Governance 2009 developed and maintained by African institutions, the top seven governance performers in Africa are Mauritius, Cape Verde, Seychelles, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Ghana.  Of special note, Rwanda was recognized by both the World Bank and Transparency International for making significant improvements in the last few years.
2. Which African countries possess the most economic freedom?  While there is no single definition of economic freedom, one of the key components is the ability to enter and compete in markets.  According to the Index of Economic Freedom, the top seven African performers compared globally are Mauritius (18^th), Botswana (34^th), South Africa (61^st), Uganda (63^rd), Namibia (71^st), Madagascar (73^rd) and Cape Verde (77^th).
3. Which African countries have the best environment to facilitate business?  The top seven African nations are Mauritius, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Rwanda, Zambia and Ghana, according to the Doing Business Report 2010.
4. Which African countries and regions have the best infrastructure for trade?  Infrastructure includes power, roads, rail, air and telecommunications.  Historically, the Southern Africa region has remained at the top in all categories with South Africa leading the way.  The Maputo trade corridor between South Africa and Mozambique is the most developed corridor on the continent.  In the broadband infrastructure arena, East Africa overtook Southern Africa this year. The East African countries involved include Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.  Currently, there are initiatives underway to link and modernize infrastructure across the continent.  For example, SEACOM is connecting the entire African continent to its international broadband infrastructure.  The company has connected most of their coastal nodes and is moving inland, working from the East coast to the West coast.  Countries like Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo will be online within six months.
5.  Which African nations have diversified economies? Diversification means there are broader economic opportunities present, strengthening the ability of the economy to absorb shocks.  The Diversification Index of the African Economic Outlook report says that the top seven most diversified economies in Africa are Tunisia (75%), Morocco (67%), South Africa (45%), Tanzania (30%), Senegal (22%), Kenya (22%) and Madagascar (21%).
6. Which African countries are experiencing the fastest economic growth? The top seven fastest growing economies (GDP%) in Africa this year are Ethiopia (7.5%), Congo Brazzaville (7.4%), Uganda (7.0%), Malawi (5.9%), Rwanda (5.3%), Tanzania (5.0%) and Liberia (4.9%), according to the Regional Economic Outlook for Africa October 2009.  They are also in the top twenty growing economies globally.   These countries are expected to maintain similar growth through 2010.  However, Congo Brazzaville (12.2% GDP) and Liberia (6.3% GDP) are expected to significantly outperform their growth from this year in 2010.

These questions serve to help you navigate doing business or investing in Africa.  However, they assume you have developed a high-level strategy. One of the first principles for doing business in Africa is do it with purpose.  A strategy provides the framework for implementing your business purpose in Africa.

We at Afribiz can help you formulate and implement that strategy. To start, learn from our online seminar, “Setting a Path for Success in Africa:  In Business, Investment and Life.” And visit other resources we have at www.afribiz.info.

We had a great discussion this week about “Entrepreneurship:  The Answer to Economic Uncertainty.”  The picture for our economy doesn’t look good, even though the Dow Jones surpassed 10,000 on Wednesday.   Much of the improved financial status of publicly-traded firms comes from cost-cutting not sales.  Economists still do not expect the unemployment picture to get better any time soon.

But our discussion didn’t focus on the downside, but on the upside!  We shared how entrepreneurs are the key to the economy and economic recovery.  Bo Fishback, Vice President of Entrepreneurship at the Kauffman Foundation, shared how almost all the new job growth in the U.S. comes from companies under five years.  That’s right it is people like you and me – aspiring, emerging, new and serial entrepreneurs – that create jobs, not the government! 

Some other highlights from the radio broadcast are 1) An entrepreneur is more than someone organizing a business venture and assuming the risk.  An entrepreneur is a creator, innovator and problem-solver. 2) Entrepreneurs can gain influence, strength and support by coming together in community.  For example, need capital.  Learn about the concept of peer-to-peer loans by watching a Forbes magazine video.  Also, check out www.prosper.com.  Here you have people and entrepreneurs helping each other.  Learn how entrepreneurs as a part of communities fostered economic development throughout history in “The Entrepreneurial Secret” by Cedric Muhammad.  3) If we become a community, we can also become an economic system in our own right, fostering economic growth in our locally and globally.

But to be in the know, you need to listen to the show!  Listen online or download to your computer, MP3 player, cell phone or I-POD.

And, I just have to add one other point to top off reasons to get moving on that entrepreneurial idea.  Over 50% of the companies listed on the Fortune 500 started in times of recession.  So, this is the time for us to get in gear and make it happen for ourselves, families and communities!  Kauffman launched a great platform to facilitate a unified voice for entrepreneurs called the Entrepreneurs’ Movement.  Join and get others to join! 

There are other ways to stay connected with Kauffman’s work with entrepreneurs.  Check these out:

• Keep updated with real-time conversation on Twitter. ( http://www.twitter.com/strongeramerica)
• Join the Facebook community. ( http://www.facebook.com/buildastrongamerica)
• Participate in Global Entrepreneurship Week, November 16-22. (http://www.unleashingideas.org)

And don’t forget to stay connected with The Art of Making Business Happen community at http://artofbiz.ning.com and http://www.blogtalkradio.com/art-of-biz.  You can even join the community!

Most people seem to be worried by the global economic crisis. The forecast for job growth is slow. But in actuality, this is a paradigm shift. Creating an opportunity for massive number of entrepreneurs to arise. You and I, as entrepreneurs, are the innovators and problem solvers which will make the difference. Everyone has the potential to be an entrepreneur. Its up to you to decide whether or not you will take the journey.

This seminar is a 1.5-hour overview for our workshop series by the same name. The focus of the series is to get you from the “idea” of doing business to “implement” a business idea.  The topics covered in this seminar are:

• Unique Competitive Space
• Business Opportunity Identification and Prioritization
• Positive Cash-Flow Business Model and Implementation

The full series involves an additional four workshops, which walk you through the entire process of taking a business idea to implementation.  At the end, you will have a plan to start your new business or new plan for an existing business immediately!  When you are ready for the additional workshops, just contact me at info@conceptualee.com.

The seminar is available for online and mobile platforms as video or audio below.  You will also find links for the seminar slides and additional resources below.

Hold on for the ride!

Seminar Video (MP4)

Seminar Audio (MP3)

Seminar Slides (PDF)

P.S.  You can post comments and questions about the seminar if you register on the site.

Africa’s future is brighter now than ever before.  The global landscape is changing in favor of Africa.  I share some of my thoughts on this with Cedric Muhammad.

Originally posted at Afribiz.info.

Listen to a thought-proking interview with our chief strategist, Lauri Elliott, lead by Cedric Muhammad of the Black Coffee Channel.  The discussion speaks of the changing paradigm in the global economy, which will see Africa rise to a prominent place in its own right within the next generation.

Click here to listen to the recorded radio broadcast.